All About of Anemia

Anemia is a medical condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin below normal. The normal level of hemoglobin is usually in different males and females. For men in general as anemia hemoglobin less than 13.5 ml and gram/100 women as hemoglobin less than 12.0 ml gram/100 defined. These definitions may vary slightly depending on the source used and the reference laboratory.

anemia

Can any process that can disrupt the normal life of a red blood cell anemia. Normal life span of red blood cells is typically about 120 days. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

Anemia is caused mainly by two basic ways. Anemia is caused by either:

- First a reduction in the production of red blood cells or hemoglobin or

- Second an increase in the loss or destruction of red blood cells.

The most common classification of anemia (low hemoglobin) is based on the average volume Corposcular (CVD), which means the average volume of individual red blood cells is based.

- When the MCV is low (below 80), is classified as microcytic anemia anemia (low cell volume).

- When the MCV is within normal range (80-100), one speaks of a normocytic anemia (normal cell volume).

- When the MCV is high, then it is called a macrocytic anemia (large cell volume).

Looking at individual components of a complete blood count (CBC), particularly CVD, a doctor may collect information on what to be the most common cause of anemia in each patient, perhaps.

Genetic diseases can shorten the lifespan of red blood cells and cause anemia (eg sickle cell anemia). Genetic disorders can also cause anemia by altering the production of hemoglobin (eg, alpha-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia).

cause of anemia

Depending on the degree of genetic abnormality can cause anemia, an inherited anemia, mild, moderate or severe. In fact, some to be as strictly compatible with life and death to the fetus (unborn child) to create. On the other hand, some of these anemias are so light that they are imperceptible and are also found during a routine blood test.

Some of the most common causes are:

- Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause pernicious anemia. This type of anemia that occurs when patients are not able to absorb vitamin B12 from their intestines due to a number of reasons.

- Strict vegetarians are at risk if they do not have enough vitamin supplements are.

- The long-term alcoholics.

- People who have an abnormal structure or function of the gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B12 deficiency, despite adequate intake.

This usually causes macrocytic (large volume of red blood cells) anemia. Vitamin B12, folic acid along, and in the production of the heme molecule is an integral component of hemoglobin involved.Folic acid deficiency anemia may also be the culprit. This result can also be caused by inadequate absorption, under-consumption of green leafy vegetables, but if long-term heavy drinking can.

- It may cause malfunction or destruction of red blood cells (anemia) by antibodies stick to the surface of red blood cells. Examples include anemia, hemolytic disease of the newborn anemia and drug-induced hemolysis, hemolytic transfusion reactions, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune.

- A wide range of diseases of the bone marrow can cause anemia.

- Establish, for example, that the cancer has spread (metastasized) to the bone marrow or bone marrow cancer (multiple myeloma, or leukemia after analysis) can damage the bone marrow, causing red blood cells, causing anemia.

- Some chemotherapy for cancer can also cause damage to bone marrow and decreased production of red blood cells, causing anemia.

- Some infections may be the result of the bone marrow and renal anemia and bone marrow.

- Finally, patients with kidney disease do not require the hormone to stimulate the natural production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

- Chronic use of alcohol can lead to anemia in different ways and is often seen in alcoholics therefore anemia.

- Another common cause of anemia is called anemia of chronic disease. Typically this may occur in patients with chronic long.

- Some medications can cause anemia in a variety of ways.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) can lead to anemia.

Some patients with anemia have no symptoms. Others feel with anemia may:

- Tired

- Fatigue easily

- Appears pale

- Development of heart palpitations (feeling heart beat)

- Are you short of breath

Other symptoms may include:

- Hair Loss 

- Malaise (general feeling of discomfort)

- Aggravation of heart problems

It should be noted that if the anemia has been a long time (chronic anemia), the body can adapt to low oxygen levels and the individual feels otherwise, unless the anemia is heavier. On the other hand, if anemia occurs rapidly (acute anemia), the patient may experience significant symptoms relatively quickly.

Anemia is usually discovered, or at least one blood cell (CBC) feedback confirmed. A CBC test may be ordered on the basis of a physician as part of general control or routine testing for clinical signs and symptoms that may indicate anemia or other blood disorders.

Treatment of anemia is very different. First, the underlying cause of anemia can be identified and corrected. For example, the following should begin anemia blood loss from a stomach ulcer with medication to heal the ulcer. Likewise, surgery is often necessary to have a cancer, to remove the chronic blood loss and anemia.

Sometimes iron supplements are also needed to correct iron deficiency. In cases of severe anemia, a blood transfusion may be necessary. Vitamin B12 injections are needed for patients with pernicious anemia or other causes of vitamin B12 deficiency.

In some patients with the disease of the bone marrow (or bone marrow damage from chemotherapy) or patients with renal failure, epoetin alfa can (Procrit, Epogen) are used to the bone marrow cells to stimulate red.

When a drug is thought to be the cause, then it should be discontinued under the supervision of the attending physician.

Concerning of Pitting Edema

Edema is swelling of the observed accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body. Edema most commonly occurs in the feet and legs, where it is called peripheral edema. The swelling is the result of the accumulation of fluid under the skin in the spaces in the tissues. All body tissues of cells and tissues that compose the cells contain. The connective tissue around the cells and blood vessels is known as the interstitium. Most of the body fluids outside the cells are usually in two rooms, blood vessels (such as "liquid" or serum portion of your blood) and spaces (not in the cells) are stored. In various diseases, excess liquid in one or the other to accumulate these chambers.

pitting edema

Organs of the body have spaces where fluid can accumulate.Accumulation of fluid in the interstices of the air (alveoli) in the lung occurs, in a condition called pulmonary edema. In addition, excess fluid accumulates in the sometimes so-called third space, the cavities in the abdomen (peritoneal or abdominal cavity - called "ascites") contains or chest (lung or pleural cavity - called "pleural effusion"). Hydrops refers to the heavy, broad collection of fluid in all tissues and body cavities simultaneously.

Edema, by applying pressure to the area by the skin can be detected inflated with a finger. If the pressure causes a depression that persists for some time after the release of pressure, as edema is swelling. , Any form of pressure, like the elastic in socks induce this type of pitting edema.

In non-pitting edema, which usually acts on the legs or arms, pressure that is applied to the skin, does not give rise to a sustained retreat. Non-edema can occur in certain diseases of the lymphatic system, such as lymphedema, a disorder of the lymphatic circulation, which can occur after a mastectomy, lymph node surgery or congenital, is. Is another cause of non-edema of the legs called pretibial myxedema, the swelling of the tibia that occurs in some patients with hyperthyroidism. Non-edema of the legs is difficult to treat. Diuretics are generally not effective, although elevation of the legs at regular intervals throughout the day and printing devices can reduce swelling.

Edema is due to systemic disease, ie diseases that affect different organs and body systems, or due to local conditions with only the affected limb. The most common systemic diseases with edema involve the heart, liver and kidneys. Such diseases include edema occurs primarily because of the retention of the body too much salt (sodium chloride). Excess salt causes the body to retain water. The water then escapes into the interstitial tissue spaces where it seems as edema.

The most common conditions that cause local edema, varicose veins and thrombophlebitis (vein inflammation) of the deep veins of the legs. These conditions can cause inadequate pumping of blood through the veins (venous insufficiency). The result was to pressure in the veins forces fluid stay ends (especially the ankles and feet).Excess liquid, then penetrating into the interstices of the fabric, which swelling.

The body's balance of salt is generally well regulated. A normal person can consume small or large quantities of salt in the diet without worrying about the development of fatigue or retention. Salt consumption is determined by eating habits and achieve the elimination of salt from the body via the kidneys. The kidneys have a greater capacity, the amount of salt in the body by the amount of salt eliminated (excreted) with the control urine. The amount of salt is excreted by the kidneys due to hormonal and physical factors, whether the retention or removal of salt by the kidneys is necessary to signal controlled.

pitting edema grade

If the blood flow to the kidneys is reduced by an underlying disease such as heart failure, the kidneys react by retaining salt. This salt retention occurs because the kidneys perceive that the body needs more fluid to compensate for decreased blood flow needs. If the patient kidney disease, which impairs the kidney function is the ability to excrete salt in the urine is limited. In both states, the amount of salt in the body, exposing the patient to hold water and edema.

Patients with impaired in their ability to excrete salt normally required to produce a salt diet and / or diuretic medications may be subject to (water pills). In the past, patients with diseases with edema on diets very limited places in salt intake. With the development of new and very powerful diuretic, it will be marked restriction in dietary salt intake is usually required. These diuretics work by blocking the absorption and salt retention by the kidneys, thereby reducing the amount of salt and water, which is excreted in the urine.

The leg veins are responsible for the transport of blood through the veins of the trunk, where it is then returned to the heart. The leg veins have valves which prevent backflow of blood in them. Venous insufficiency is incompetence of the veins coming through the expansion or enlargement of the veins and their valves to malfunction. What happens, for example in patients with varicose veins. Venous insufficiency leads to a backup of blood and increased pressure in the veins, swelling of the legs and feet. The leg edema can occur with an episode of the deep vein thrombophlebitis, a blood clot in an inflamed vein. In this situation causes the clot in a deep vein blocks the return of blood and therefore increased pressure against the veins of the legs.

Venous insufficiency is a problem that is localized in the legs, ankles and feet. One leg may be more affected than the other (asymmetrical edema). In contrast, systemic diseases which are associated with fluid retention in general lead to the same amount of edema in both legs, and can also cause edema and swelling in the rest of the body. Response to treatment with diuretics in patients with venous insufficiency Of Digits tend satisfied. This is because the continued pooling of fluid in the lower extremities is to mobilize it too difficult for diuretics edema fluid. The elevation of the legs periodically during the day and the use of compression stockings can relieve edema. Some patients require surgery to relieve swelling caused by chronic venous insufficiency.

The edema may be a problem in systemic diseases of the heart, liver or kidney. Diuretic therapy may be initiated, often to relieve edema. The strongest diuretics are loop diuretics, so called because they work in this part of the renal tubules, called the loop of Henle. Renal tubules are small ducts to regulate salt and water balance, whereas the transport of urine formation. Loop diuretics clinics are available:

- Furosemide (Lasix),

- Torsemide (Demadex), and

- Butethamine (Bumex).

The doses of these diuretics vary depending on clinical circumstances. These drugs can be administered orally, although seriously ill patients in hospital they can receive intravenously for faster response times and effective. If a loop diuretic effective alone, it can be combined with an agent, the lower (distal) operates in the tube. These agents include the thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) or a similar kind, but more as a diuretic metolazone (Zaroxolyn). When diuretics that work are used at different locations in the kidney together, the answer is often greater than the combined responses to the individual diuretics (synergistic response).

Some diuretics often lead to excessive loss of potassium in the urine, resulting in a depletion of potassium from the body. These drugs include diuretics, thiazides, and metolazone. Patients on these diuretics are often recommended, potassium supplements and / or eating foods high in potassium to take. Potassium-rich foods include certain fruits such as:

- Bananas,

- Orange juice,

- Tomatoes, and

- Potatoes.

Patients with renal failure often have no need potassium supplements with diuretics because their damaged kidneys tend to retain potassium. In some cases, the urine volume induced by the addition of a diuretic with potassium-sparing diuretic, does not attack the layer can be improved from potassium. These are the diuretic spironolactone (Aldactone), triamterene (Dyrenium, a component of Dyazide) and amiloride (Midamor). Adding one of these diuretics diuretic regimen for the patient can prevent the need for potassium supplements. Another diuretic that can be used is acetazolamide (Diamox), the development of an increased concentration of bicarbonate (to alkaline) in the blood counter.Increased bicarbonate sometimes occurs in patients taking other diuretics.

About of Stroke Disease

The function of brain cells need a consistent supply of oxygen and glucose in the blood. A racing accident, or stroke (CVA) occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is disrupted, allowing brain cells to die. The blood flow through a variety of mechanisms are impaired. 

stroke

Blockage of an artery

- Narrowing of small arteries in the brain may be lacunar stroke (lack of means "empty space"). Blocking a single arteriole can affect a tiny area of ​​the brain, causing the tissue to die for (heart attack). 

- Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), to the brain. There are four major blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. The anterior circulation of the brain that controls most of the activities of the engine feeling, thought, speech and emotion is supplied by the carotid arteries. Posterior circulation, which supplies the brain stem and cerebellum, which controls the automatic functions of the brain and coordination is supplied by the vertebrobasilar arteries. 

When these arteries narrow due to atherosclerosis, plaque or cholesterol deposits can break off and float downstream, blocking the blood supply to part of the brain. In contrast to lacunar strokes, the largest parts of the brain lose blood supply, and this can produce more than symptoms of a stroke, lacunar.

Embolism in the brain from the heart. In some cases, blood clots in the heart and it is possible to break them in order to travel from and (embolize) to the arteries in the brain and cause a stroke. 

Rupture of an artery (blood supply) 

Cerebral blood flow (in the brain matter). The most common reason to have a hemorrhage in the brain is not controlled blood pressure.Other situations are aneurysms that leak or rupture or arteriovenous malformations (AVM), where there are a collection of abnormal blood vessels fragile and bleed. 

Cause of a stroke: 

- Blockage of an artery 

The closure of an artery in the brain by a blood clot (thrombosis) is the most common cause of stroke. A portion of the brain that is supplied by the clotted blood vessel is then withdrawn from the blood and oxygen. Following the private blood and oxygen, the cells of the part of the matrix of the brain and the body part that the control can no longer function properly. As a rule, which bursts into a cholesterol plaque in a small blood vessel in the brain, the progressive narrowing of blood vessels and begin the process of formation of a small blood clot. 

Risk factors for the narrowed blood vessels in the brain are the same as those which cause a narrowing of blood vessels in heart attack and heart attack (myocardial infarction). These risk factors:

High blood pressure (hypertension), 

high cholesterol, 

Diabetes and 

Smoking.

- Embolic stroke 

Another type of stroke occurs, when a blood clot or a piece of plaque (cholesterol and calcium deposits on the wall inside the heart or artery) breaks loose, travels around the bloodstream and lodged in an artery in the brain. When blood flow stops, brain cells do not need to receive oxygen and glucose they need to work and a stroke occurs. This type of stroke is as embolic stroke. For example, a blood clot to form at the origin in the ventricle by an irregular heartbeat, as in atrial fibrillation. Usually, these blood clots remain in the lining of the heart, but sometimes they can break off, travel through the bloodstream form, a plug (embolism) in a brain artery and cause a stroke. Embolism may also consist of a large artery (eg, carotid artery, a main artery in the neck that supplies blood to the brain) and are then found downstream to clog a small artery in the brain. 

- Bleeding in the brain 

A cerebral hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel bursts in the brain and bleeding into the surrounding brain tissue. A cerebral hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) causes symptoms of stroke by blood and oxygen to escape to parts of the brain in a variety of ways. The blood flow is lost for some cells. In addition, the blood is very irritating and can cause swelling of brain tissue (cerebral edema). Edema and accumulation of blood from a cerebral hemorrhage increases the pressure in the skull and causes further damage by reducing the brain against the skull bone on the blood flow to the brain tissue and cells. 

Subarachnoid hemorrhage - 

In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, blood accumulates in the space under the arachnoid membrane that lines the brain. The blood comes from an abnormal blood vessel that leaks or ruptures. This is often an aneurysm (an abnormal ballooning of the vessel wall).Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually a sudden, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, light intolerance, and a stiff neck. If it is not recognized and treated, can have serious neurological consequences occur, such as coma and brain death. 

- Vasculitis 

Another rare cause of stroke is vasculitis, a condition in which blood vessels are inflamed decreased blood flow to brain tissue caused. 

Migraines - 

There seems to be something very slight increase of stroke in people with migraine. The mechanism of migraine or vascular headaches includes narrowing of blood vessels in the brain. Some migraines can even mimic stroke with loss of function on one side of the body or difficulty speaking or seeing. Usually the symptoms such as headache disappears. 

A stroke is a medical emergency. Anyone who was a medical facility immediately for evaluation and treatment be taken with a suspected stroke. First, the doctor takes the patient's history, if possible, or by others familiar with the patient, if available. Important questions are, what the symptoms were when they started when they were getting better, worse or stays the same. Medical history adds important information about risk factors for stroke and for drugs that can cause bleeding research (eg, warfarin [Coumadin], clopidogrel [Plavix], prasugrel [Effient]). 

The physical examination is a key element in the confirmation of the body parts that have ceased to function and can help determine which part of the brain loses its blood supply. If available, a neurologist, a doctor who specializes in helping nervous system diseases and disorders of the brain in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients.

Just because a person has unclear speech or weakness on one side of the body has not necessarily indicate the occurrence of stroke. There are many other possibilities that may be responsible for these symptoms. Other conditions that can mimic a stroke include: 

- Brain tumors, 

Brain abscess (a collection of pus in the brain caused by bacteria or fungi), - 

Migraines - 

- Bleeding in the brain either spontaneously or by trauma, 

- Meningitis or encephalitis, 

- An overdose of certain medications or 

- An electrolyte imbalance in the body. Abnormal values ​​(too high or too low), sodium, calcium or glucose in the body can also be changes in the nervous system that can mimic a stroke. 

In the evaluation of acute stroke, many things are happening simultaneously. When the doctor takes the history and construction of the physical examination, nurses will begin, vital signs, blood tests and monitoring to perform an electrocardiogram (ECG). 

Some of the physical examination is becoming more standardized with a time scale. The American Heart Association has published a guide to help test the nervous system to health care practitioners to determine the severity of the stroke, whether published and aggressive intervention can be justified. 

There is a time in the vicinity in an acute stroke with drugs to intervene to prevent the loss of blood supply to part of the brain (see link below April) to undo. The patient should be properly evaluated and stabilized before any drugs that dissolve blood clots can potentially be used. 

- CT: To help you be the cause of a suspected stroke, called a special x-ray a brain scan is often performed. A scanner is used looking to for masses or bleeding in the brain, the symptoms that can cause a stroke, are similar, but not treated with thrombolysis with TPA.

- MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic waves rather than X-rays for imaging the brain. MRI scans are more detailed than CT, but to do because of the length of time the test and the lack of availability of machines in many hospitals, is not a first line test in the race. During a scan can be completed in a few minutes, an MRI last acquisition of an hour. MRI can later in the course of patient care be performed when finer details are also required for the medical decision. People with certain medical devices (eg pacemakers) or other metals in their bodies can not be subjected to strong magnetic field of an MRI. 

- Other methods of MR technology: MRI can also be used to visualize blood vessels, specifically the non-invasive, are (without the use of tubes or injections), a procedure called MRA (magnetic resonance angiography). Another MRI diffusion-weighted imaging method is called (CFA) is offered in some medical centers. This technique detects the fault zone minutes after the blood flow to part of the brain has stopped, while a conventional MRI can not detect a stroke up to six hours after onset and a CT scan can not always detect up to 12 to 24 hours or less weight. Again, this is not a first line test in assessing a patient's stroke, when the time is short. 

- Computed tomography angiography with: With dye that is injected into a vein in your arm may, images of blood vessels in the brain with information about aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations.In addition, other abnormalities of cerebral blood flow can be assessed. With faster and better machine technology CT angiography can be performed simultaneously with the first CT scan to search for a blood clot in an artery in the brain. 

CT and MRI scans often require a radiologist to interpret their results. 

- Conventional Angiography: Angiography is another test that is sometimes used to visualize blood vessels. A long tube catheter into an artery in the groin or arm and introduced into the arteries of the brain. A dye is injected into X-rays are taken and the information can be found on the blood flow in the brain. The decision to perform CT angiography over conventional angiography depends on the specific situation of a patient and the technical capabilities of the hospital. 

- Carotid Doppler Ultrasound: Carotid Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that uses sound waves to a narrowing or stenosis and a decreased blood flow in the carotid arteries (major arteries of the anterior neck can blood supply to the brain). 

- Cardiac Tests: Some tests to assess heart function in stroke patients are often carried out to find the source of the embolism.Electrocardiogram (ECG or electrocardiogram) can be used to detect cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, which are connected to an embolic stroke. 

Ambulatory rhythm monitoring considered if the patient complains of palpitations or passing episodes (syncope), and doctors can not find a reason to be on the ECG. The patient can wear a Holter monitor for 1-2 days and sometimes longer just looking for a potential electrical conduction problem with the heart.

Echocardiogram or ultrasound of the heart are used to assess the structure and function of the heart, including heart muscle, valves and the motion of the ventricle when the heart beats. In addition, especially for stroke patients, this test is able to clot in the heart and the presence of patent foramen ovale, found two possible causes of stroke. 

- Blood tests: In the acute situation, if the patient is in the middle of a stroke, blood tests are performed to check for anemia, kidney and liver function, electrolyte abnormalities, and the function of blood clotting. 

In other situations, when there is danger in delay, similar blood tests are performed. In addition, the test for inflammation as an ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP (C reactive protein) to be extended. These are non-specific tests, the sense of medical care can afford. 

There is possibility of the use of alteplase (TPA) is destroyed as a drug to dissolve blood clots Blood clots cause of stroke is. There is a narrow window of opportunity to use this drug. The sooner it is given, the better the result and the least potential for complications from bleeding in the brain. 

Present in the American Heart Association guidelines recommend that, if used, the TPA in 4 1/2 hours must be administered after onset of symptoms. for patients who awaken from sleep with symptoms of a stroke, the clock starts when they were last seen in a normal state. 

TPA is injected into a vein in your arm, but the deadline for their use may be extended to 6 hours if it is blocked directly into the blood vessel commissioned drained angiography, which is performed by an interventional radiologist. All hospitals have access to this technology. 

TPA can do to reverse stroke symptoms in more than one third of patients, but can also cause bleeding in patients 6%, which could be the worst race. 

For posterior circulation stroke involving the vertebrobasilar, the time for treatment with TPA further increased to 18 hours.

- Heparin and aspirin 

The blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants, eg heparin) are sometimes used in the treatment of stroke patients in the hope of improving the recovery of the patient. It is not clear, but if the use of anticoagulation improves the outcome of the race in progress, or simply just to prevent subsequent stroke (see below). In some patients, aspirin has after the occurrence of a stroke administered a small but measurable recovery. The doctor will decide which medicines are used to the specific needs of a patient. 

- Management of other medical problems 

The blood pressure are closely monitored frequently to prevent the use of drugs intravenously to stroke symptoms progress. This applies if the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic. 

- Supplemental oxygen is often asked. 

In diabetics, the blood sugar (glucose) level is often elevated after a stroke. Control of blood glucose levels in these patients, the size of a stroke. 

Patients who suffered transient ischemic attacks may be delivered to the patient with blood pressure and cholesterol drugs, although blood pressure and cholesterol levels are at an acceptable level.Stopping smoking is mandatory. 

- Rehabilitation 

If a patient is more seriously ill after a stroke, focusing on the health care workers to maximize the functional capabilities of individuals.This is usually in a hospital or inpatient rehabilitation in a specific area of ​​a general hospital. Rehabilitation may also be in a nursing facility. 

The rehabilitation process can take some or all of the following: 

First Speech therapy to relearn talking and swallowing; 

Second Occupational therapy to regain as much dexterity in the arms and hands as possible; 

Third physical therapy to improve strength and walking; 

4th Family education to orient them in caring for their loved home and the challenges they will face. 

The goal is for the patient, so many back, if not all, of the pre-stroke activities and functions. Since a stroke resulting in permanent loss of brain cells, a total return to pre-stroke status of the patient is not necessarily a realistic goal in many cases. However, many stroke patients return to independent living dynamic. 

Depending on the severity of the stroke, some patients from acute hospital to a nursing home are placed to monitor and continue physical therapy and occupational therapy. 

Many times, can evaluate providers of home care services, the living situation at home and make recommendations to facilitate the transition home. Unfortunately, some stroke patients have significant long-term care, they can not be met by relatives and friends and long-term care in nursing homes may be required.

About Asthma in Children

Asthma in Children

No one really knows why children suffer more often from asthma.Some experts suggest that children are exposed to more allergens such as dust, air pollution and passive smoking. All these factors are triggers of asthma. Others suspect that children are not exposed to enough childhood illnesses to build their immune system. It seems to play an immune system disorder where the body does not have enough protective antibodies may play a role in making the development of asthma.
 
And still others suggest that the decreasing rates of breastfeeding are important substances of the immune system are transmitted to babies prevented.

Remember that all children have the same asthma symptoms, and these symptoms can result from asthma to the next row in the same child. Also note is that all the wheezing and coughing caused by asthma.

In children under 5 years, the most common cause of asthma-like symptoms is upper respiratory viral infections like colds.

If your child has a problem breathing, take him or doctor immediately for an evaluation.

Asthma is often difficult to diagnose in infants. However, older children, the disease is often based on your child's medical history, symptoms and physical examination are diagnosed.

cause asthma

Medical history and description of symptoms. The child's doctor will be interested in a history of respiratory problems was you or your child may have, and family history of asthma, allergies, a skin condition called eczema, or other lung diseases. It is important that you describe your child's symptoms - cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain or tightness - in detail, including when and how often these symptoms occurred.
The physical examination. During the physical examination, the doctor hears the heart of your child and the lungs.

Trials. Many children are also a chest radiograph and lung function tests. Well as pulmonary function tests, these tests measure the amount of air in the lungs and how fast it can be exhaled. The results help the doctor determine the severity of asthma. Generally, children under 5 years are not able to perform lung function tests. Enabling doctors rely heavily on history, symptoms and examination to make the diagnosis.

Other tests may be ordered to determine the cause of asthma in particular. These tests can allergy skin tests, blood tests and x-rays to determine whether infections of the sinuses or illness of gastroesophageal reflux disease (a condition of the gastro-intestinal reflux of acid causes the stomach into the esophagus or even into the lungs) is more difficult asthma.

Based on the history of your child and the severity of asthma, your doctor will develop a care plan, a so-called "action plan for asthma."The action plan describes when and how your child used asthma medication for asthma, what to do if asthma worsens, and when to seek emergency care for your child. Do the plan and ask your child to the doctor any questions you may have.

Plan your child from asthma action is essential to successfully control their asthma. Stock holding to remind your child each day to plan for asthma management and to guide you, if your child has asthma symptoms.

In addition to following the plan for your child's asthma action to ensure that exposure is limited to make against asthma triggers, and preferably avoided.

When an infant or child experiences symptoms of asthma requiring bronchodilator more than twice per week, most doctors recommend daily anti-inflammatory drug.

Most medications for asthma, which can be given to adults and older children also safely be prescribed for infants and children.Drugs that are approved for young children, administered in doses adjusted for age and weight. In particular, children aged 4 to prescribed asthma inhaler Advair 's. Advair treats inflammation of the airways at a time and bronchoconstriction. Another called Pulmicort Respules has anti-inflammatory medication for children aged 12 months or longer authorized. In case of inhalation drugs, a different delivery device on the child's age and ability, may be required. (Many children are not in a position to their breathing well enough to coordinate to use a standard inhaler.)

They will probably give you your medication for asthma in children with a home nebulizer, also known as a machine to breathe.Nebulizer delivers medicine to treat asthma, bronchodilators, usually by changing from a liquid to a mist. Your child receives the medication by breathing through a mask. These breathing treatments usually take about 10-15 minutes to complete and receive several times a day. The child's doctor will tell you how often to give your child breathing treatments, the severity of his asthma basis.

The child may be able, a metered dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer.A spacer is a space that MDI measures and has the burst of the drug. Discuss with your doctor to see your child if an MDI with spacer is right for your child.

You know your child's asthma is well controlled with medication if your child:
- A normal and active lives
- A few troublesome symptoms
In school, every day
Daily activities without difficulty
- A few visits to the emergency physician, hospital or emergency room for asthma

Some side effects of medications for asthma
By learning about asthma and how they can be controlled, take an important step toward managing your child's illness. We urge you to work closely with the team your child's asthma to everything you learn about asthma, how to avoid triggers, run your medications and how do I correct it. With proper care, your child can live without asthma symptoms and maintain a normal and healthy life.

Once a person, the airways become sensitive because of asthma, they stay that way for life. However, experiencing about 50% of children appear to a significant reduction in asthma symptoms when they become adolescents, therefore, to "exceed" have their asthma.About half of these children develop symptoms again in their 30s and / or 40 Unfortunately, there is no way to predict which reduce symptoms in adolescence and later in their life back.

If your child has symptoms of an asthma attack.
- Give your child his / her relief (bronchodilator) medicine for the asthma action plan.
- Wait 5 to 15 minutes. If the symptoms disappear, you should take your child into a position that any activity they did, again. If symptoms persist, follow your child's asthma action plan on continuing treatment. If your child does not improve, or you are not sure what steps to take, call your child's doctor.

Warning signs are wheezing, coughing, severe walking disability severe and / or talking, or blue lips and / or nails. Increasing shortness of breath with wheezing is reduced particularly dangerous because it moves less air in and out of the lungs means. If any of these uncertainty factors are available to go to the emergency room or call 911.